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Glycerin

Glycerin helps our skin hold onto water and is essential for the regulation of our skin cells. It helps soothe irritated skin and is an excellent moisturizer.
The science: glycerin draws water from the air and brings it into our skin. You can read more about humectants here. In addition, it performs osmoreregulation which is the regulation of the optimum temperature of water and salts in our skin cells.
Fun fact: glycerin is also used in the food industry, in products such as marshmallows and soft candies!